Estado del arte y brechas de investigación en la gestión del Equipo de Protección Personal contaminado en el sector hidrocarburos
Una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56162/transdigital630Palabras clave:
equipo de protección personal, EPP contaminado, sector hidrocarburos, gestión de residuos peligrosos, economía circular, scoping reviewResumen
El equipo de protección personal (EPP) utilizado en operaciones del sector hidrocarburos puede contaminarse con hidrocarburos, solventes y otros compuestos peligrosos. Sin embargo, la evidencia científica sobre su gestión postuso permanece fragmentada entre distintas disciplinas, limitando el desarrollo de enfoques integrales de manejo, trazabilidad y valorización. Se realizó una revisión de alcance conforme a los lineamientos de Joanna Briggs Institute y Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. La búsqueda se efectuó en Scopus, Web of Science y SciSpace mediante criterios organizados en macrocategorías relacionadas con contexto, gestión, dimensiones analíticas y tipo de evidencia. Posteriormente, se aplicó una clasificación interpretativa del corpus mediante el modelo núcleo–periferia del conocimiento. Se evaluaron 39 textos completos, de los cuales cinco estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad para la síntesis cualitativa. Los hallazgos evidenciaron una alta fragmentación temática y disciplinaria. Predominan investigaciones orientadas a residuos sanitarios, gestión general de residuos industriales y seguridad ocupacional preventiva, mientras que los estudios específicos sobre contaminación química y comportamiento operativo del EPP en el sector hidrocarburos son limitados. El análisis núcleo–periferia identificó un núcleo reducido de evidencia técnica centrada en procesos de descontaminación e interacciones fisicoquímicas, rodeado por una periferia amplia y dispersa. Se identificó una brecha estructural en la literatura respecto al manejo integral del EPP contaminado en el sector hidrocarburos. Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de desarrollar marcos técnico-normativos y estrategias integrales que incorporen riesgo químico, trazabilidad y economía circular.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ana Gloria Valdez Contreras, José Aurelio Sosa Olivier, Arnulfo López Ramos, José Ramón Laines Canepa
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